Managing Your Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Understanding Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Insights from Dr. Manoj Sharma

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. It can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms, making daily life challenging for many. To shed light on this condition, we turn to Dr. Manoj Sharma, a Professor of Social and Behavioral Health and Internal Medicine, who addresses frequently asked questions about IBS.

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and altered bowel habits. These bowel changes can manifest as diarrhea, constipation, or a mix of both. Unlike inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, IBS does not cause inflammation or changes in the bowel structure.

Common Symptoms of IBS

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Bloating and gas
• Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two
• Mucus in the stool
• Feeling of incomplete bowel movement

Diagnosis of IBS

There’s no specific test to diagnose IBS. Doctors typically rely on a patient’s medical history, a physical exam, and symptom evaluation. The Rome criteria are often used, which include recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort for at least three months, along with changes in bowel habits. Additional tests, such as blood tests, stool tests, or colonoscopy, may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Managing IBS: Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

Managing IBS often involves a combination of lifestyle and dietary adjustments:

• Dietary Modifications: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods is crucial. Common culprits include dairy products, gluten, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol. A low-FODMAP diet, which limits certain types of carbohydrates, can be helpful for some individuals.
• Stress Management: Stress can exacerbate IBS symptoms. Techniques such as meditation, yoga, deep breathing exercises, and counseling can help manage stress levels.
• Regular Exercise: Physical activity can improve bowel function and reduce stress.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps maintain regular bowel movements.

Medical Treatments for IBS

When lifestyle and dietary changes aren’t enough, several medications can help manage IBS symptoms:

• Antidiarrheals: To control diarrhea.
• Laxatives: To alleviate constipation.
• Antispasmodics: To reduce abdominal cramping.
• Antidepressants: In low doses, certain antidepressants can help manage pain and improve mood.
• Probiotics: May help restore a healthy gut microbiome.

Final Words: Living Well with IBS

Living with IBS can be challenging, but with proper management, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life. Working closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan is essential. By understanding the condition, making appropriate lifestyle changes, and utilizing medical treatments when necessary, managing IBS becomes more achievable.